Trigger pipelines by using the API

To trigger a pipeline for a specific branch or tag, you can use an API call to the pipeline triggers API endpoint.

When authenticating with the API, you can use:

Create a trigger token

You can trigger a pipeline for a branch or tag by generating a trigger token and using it to authenticate an API call. The token impersonates a user’s project access and permissions.

Prerequisite:

  • You must have at least the Maintainer role for the project.

To create a trigger token:

  1. On the top bar, select Menu > Projects and find your project.
  2. On the left sidebar, select Settings > CI/CD.
  3. Expand Pipeline triggers.
  4. Enter a description and select Add trigger.
    • You can view and copy the full token for all triggers you have created.
    • You can only see the first 4 characters for tokens created by other project members.
caution
It is a security risk to save tokens in plain text in public projects. Potential attackers could use a trigger token exposed in the .gitlab-ci.yml file to impersonate the user that created the token. Use masked CI/CD variables to improve the security of trigger tokens.

Trigger a pipeline

After you create a trigger token, you can use it to trigger pipelines with a tool that can access the API, or a webhook.

Use cURL

You can use cURL to trigger pipelines with the pipeline triggers API endpoint. For example:

  • Use a multiline cURL command:

    curl --request POST \
         --form token=<token> \
         --form ref=<ref_name> \
         "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<project_id>/trigger/pipeline"
    
  • Use cURL and pass the <token> and <ref_name> in the query string:

    curl --request POST \
        "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<project_id>/trigger/pipeline?token=<token>&ref=<ref_name>"
    

In each example, replace:

  • The URL with https://gitlab.com or the URL of your instance.
  • <token> with your trigger token.
  • <ref_name> with a branch or tag name, like main.
  • <project_id> with your project ID, like 123456. The project ID is displayed at the top of every project’s landing page.

Use a CI/CD job

You can use a CI/CD job with a triggers token to trigger pipelines when another pipeline runs.

For example, to trigger a pipeline on the main branch of project-B when a tag is created in project-A, add the following job to project A’s .gitlab-ci.yml file:

trigger_pipeline:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - 'curl --fail --request POST --form token=$MY_TRIGGER_TOKEN --form ref=main "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/123456/trigger/pipeline"'
  rules:
    - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG

In this example:

  • 1234 is the project ID for project-B. The project ID is displayed at the top of every project’s landing page.
  • The rules cause the job to run every time a tag is added to project-A.
  • MY_TRIGGER_TOKEN is a masked CI/CD variables that contains the trigger token.

Use a webhook

To trigger a pipeline from another project’s webhook, use a webhook URL like the following for push and tag events:

https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<project_id>/ref/<ref_name>/trigger/pipeline?token=<token>

Replace:

  • The URL with https://gitlab.com or the URL of your instance.
  • <project_id> with your project ID, like 123456. The project ID is displayed at the top of the project’s landing page.
  • <ref_name> with a branch or tag name, like main. This value takes precedence over the ref_name in the webhook payload. The payload’s ref is the branch that fired the trigger in the source repository. You must URL-encode the ref_name if it contains slashes.
  • <token> with your trigger token.

Use a webhook payload

Version history

If you trigger a pipeline by using a webhook, you can access the webhook payload with the TRIGGER_PAYLOAD predefined CI/CD variable. The payload is exposed as a file-type variable, so you can access the data with cat $TRIGGER_PAYLOAD or a similar command.

Pass CI/CD variables in the API call

You can pass any number of CI/CD variables in the trigger API call. These variables have the highest precedence, and override all variables with the same name.

The parameter is of the form variables[key]=value, for example:

curl --request POST \
  --form token=TOKEN \
  --form ref=main \
  --form "variables[UPLOAD_TO_S3]=true" \
  "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/123456/trigger/pipeline"

CI/CD variables in triggered pipelines display on each job’s page, but only users with the Owner and Maintainer role can view the values.

Job variables in UI

Revoke a trigger token

To revoke a trigger token:

  1. On the top bar, select Menu > Projects and find your project.
  2. On the left sidebar, select Settings > CI/CD.
  3. Expand Pipeline triggers.
  4. To the left of the trigger token you want to revoke, select Revoke ().

A revoked trigger token cannot be added back.

Configure CI/CD jobs to run in triggered pipelines

To configure when to run jobs in triggered pipelines:

$CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE value only/except keywords Trigger method
trigger triggers In pipelines triggered with the pipeline triggers API by using a trigger token.
pipeline pipelines In multi-project pipelines triggered with the pipeline triggers API by using the $CI_JOB_TOKEN, or by using the trigger keyword in the CI/CD configuration file.

Additionally, the $CI_PIPELINE_TRIGGERED predefined CI/CD variable is set to true in pipelines triggered with a trigger token.

See which trigger token was used

You can see which trigger caused a job to run by visiting the single job page. A part of the trigger’s token displays on the right of the page, under the job details:

Marked as triggered on a single job page

In pipelines triggered with a trigger token, jobs are labeled as triggered in CI/CD > Jobs.

Troubleshooting

404 not found when triggering a pipeline

A response of {"message":"404 Not Found"} when triggering a pipeline might be caused by using a personal access token instead of a trigger token. Create a new trigger token and use it instead of the personal access token.