CI/CD components
Offering: GitLab.com, Self-managed, GitLab Dedicated
Status: Beta
- Introduced as an experimental feature in GitLab 16.0, with a flag named
ci_namespace_catalog_experimental
. Disabled by default. - Enabled on GitLab.com and self-managed in GitLab 16.2.
-
Feature flag
ci_namespace_catalog_experimental
removed in GitLab 16.3. - Moved to Beta status in GitLab 16.6.
A CI/CD component is a reusable single pipeline configuration unit. Use components to create a small part of a larger pipeline, or even to compose a complete pipeline configuration.
A component can be configured with input parameters for more dynamic behavior.
CI/CD components are similar to the other kinds of configuration added with the include
keyword,
but have several advantages:
- Components can be listed in the CI/CD Catalog.
- Components can be released and used with a specific version.
- Multiple components can be defined in the same project and versioned together.
Instead of creating your own components, you can also search for published components that have the functionality you need in the CI/CD Catalog.
For an introduction and hands-on examples, see Efficient DevSecOps workflows with reusable CI/CD components.
Component project
- The maximum number of components per project changed from 10 to 30 in GitLab 16.9.
A component project is a GitLab project with a repository that hosts one or more components. All components in the project are versioned together, with a maximum of 30 components per project.
If a component requires different versioning from other components, the component should be moved to a dedicated component project.
Create a component project
To create a component project, you must:
-
Create a new project with a
README.md
file:- Ensure the description gives a clear introduction to the component.
- Optional. After the project is created, you can add a project avatar.
Components published to the CI/CD catalog use both the description and avatar when displaying the component project’s summary.
-
Add a YAML configuration file for each component, following the required directory structure. For example:
spec: inputs: stage: default: test --- component-job: script: echo job 1 stage: $[[ inputs.stage ]]
You can use the component immediately, but you might want to consider publishing the component to the CI/CD catalog.
Directory structure
The repository must contain:
- A
README.md
Markdown file documenting the details of all the components in the repository. - A top level
templates/
directory that contains all the component configurations. You can define components in this directory:- In single files ending in
.yml
for each component, liketemplates/secret-detection.yml
. - In sub-directories containing
template.yml
files as entry points, for components that bundle together multiple related files. For example,templates/secret-detection/template.yml
.
- In single files ending in
README.md
file that provides more detailed information, and can be linked from the top-level README.md
file. This helps to provide a better overview of your component project and how to use it.You should also:
- Configure the project’s
.gitlab-ci.yml
to test the components and release new versions. - Add a
LICENSE.md
file with a license of your choice that covers the usage of your component. For example the MIT or Apache 2.0 open source licenses.
For example:
-
If the project contains a single component, the directory structure should be similar to:
├── templates/ │ └── my-component.yml ├── LICENSE.md ├── README.md └── .gitlab-ci.yml
-
If the project contains multiple components, then the directory structure should be similar to:
├── templates/ │ ├── my-simple-component.yml │ └── my-complex-component/ │ ├── template.yml │ ├── Dockerfile │ └── test.sh ├── LICENSE.md ├── README.md └── .gitlab-ci.yml
In this example:
- The
my-simple-component
component’s configuration is defined in a single file. - The
my-complex-component
component’s configuration contains multiple files in a directory.
- The
Use a component
To add a component to a project’s CI/CD configuration, use the include: component
keyword. The component reference is formatted as <fully-qualified-domain-name>/<project-path>/<component-name>@<specific-version>
,
for example:
include:
- component: gitlab.example.com/my-org/security-components/secret-detection@1.0.0
inputs:
stage: build
In this example:
-
gitlab.example.com
is the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) matching the GitLab host. You can only reference components in the same GitLab instance as your project. -
my-org/security-components
is the full path of the project containing the component. -
secret-detection
is the component name that is defined as either a single filetemplates/secret-detection.yml
or as a directorytemplates/secret-detection/
containing atemplate.yml
. -
1.0.0
is the version of the component.
When GitLab creates a new pipeline, the component’s configuration is fetched and added to the pipeline’s configuration.
To use GitLab.com components in a self-managed instance, you must mirror the component project.
Component versions
In order of highest priority first, the component version can be:
- A commit SHA, for example
e3262fdd0914fa823210cdb79a8c421e2cef79d8
. Use a commit SHA to pin a component to a specific version that is not published in the CI/CD catalog. - A tag, for example:
1.0.0
. If a tag and commit SHA exist with the same name, the commit SHA takes precedence over the tag. - A branch name, for example
main
. If a branch and tag exist with the same name, the tag takes precedence over the branch. -
~latest
, which is a special version that always points to the latest semantic version published in the CI/CD Catalog. Use~latest
only if you want to use the absolute latest version at all times, which could include breaking changes.
You can use any version supported by the component, but using a version published to the CI/CD catalog is recommended.
Use semantic versioning
When tagging and releasing new versions of components, you must use semantic versioning. Semantic versioning is the standard for communicating that a change is a major, minor, patch, or other kind of change.
For example:
1.0.0
2.1.3
1.0.0-alpha
3.0.0-rc1
CI/CD Catalog
Offering: GitLab.com, Self-managed, GitLab Dedicated
Status: Beta
- Introduced in GitLab 16.1 as an experiment.
- Moved to beta in GitLab 16.7.
The CI/CD Catalog is a list of projects with published CI/CD components you can use to extend your CI/CD workflow.
Anyone can create a component project and add it to the CI/CD Catalog, or contribute to an existing project to improve the available components.
For a click-through demo, see the CI/CD Catalog beta Product Tour.
View the CI/CD Catalog
To access the CI/CD Catalog and view the published components that are available to you:
- On the left sidebar, select Search or go to.
- Select Explore.
- Select CI/CD Catalog.
Alternatively, if you are already in the pipeline editor in your project, you can select Browse CI/CD Catalog.
Publish a component project
To publish a component project in the CI/CD catalog, you must:
- Set the project as a catalog project.
- Publish a new release.
Set a component project as a catalog project
To make published versions of a component project visible in the CI/CD catalog, you must set the project as a catalog project.
Prerequisites:
- You must have the Owner role in the project.
To set the project as a catalog project:
- On the left sidebar, select Search or go to and find your project.
- Select Settings > General.
- Expand Visibility, project features, permissions.
- Turn on the CI/CD Catalog project toggle.
The project only becomes findable in the catalog after you publish a new release.
Publish a new release
CI/CD components can be used without being listed in the CI/CD catalog. However, publishing a component’s releases in the catalog makes it discoverable to other users.
Prerequisites:
- The project must:
- Be set as a catalog project.
- Have a project description defined.
- Have a
README.md
file in the root directory for the commit SHA of the tag being released. - Have at least one CI/CD component in the
templates/
directory for the commit SHA of the tag being released.
To publish a new version of the component to the catalog:
-
Add a job to the project’s
.gitlab-ci.yml
file that uses therelease
keyword to create the new release when a tag is created. You should configure the tag pipeline to test the components before running the release job. For example:create-release: stage: deploy image: registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/release-cli:latest script: echo "Creating release $CI_COMMIT_TAG" rules: - if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG release: tag_name: $CI_COMMIT_TAG description: "Release $CI_COMMIT_TAG of components in $CI_PROJECT_PATH"
-
Create a new tag for the release, which should trigger a tag pipeline that contains the job responsible for creating the release.
After the release job completes successfully, the release is created and the new version is published to the CI/CD catalog.
Unpublish a component project
To remove a component project from the catalog, turn off the CI/CD Catalog resource toggle in the project settings.
To publish the component project in the catalog again, you need to publish a new release.
Best practices
This section describes some best practices for creating high quality component projects.
Manage dependencies
While it’s possible for a component to use other components in turn, make sure to carefully select the dependencies. To manage dependencies, you should:
- Keep dependencies to a minimum. A small amount of duplication is usually better than having dependencies.
- Rely on local dependencies whenever possible. For example, using
include:local
is a good way to ensure the same Git SHA is used across multiple files. - When depending on components from other projects, pin their version to a release from the catalog rather than using moving target
versions such as
~latest
or a Git reference. Using a release or Git SHA guarantees that you are fetching the same revision all the time and that consumers of your component get consistent behavior. - Update your dependencies regularly by pinning them to newer releases. Then publish a new release of your components with updated dependencies.
Write a clear README.md
Each component project should have clear and comprehensive documentation. To
write a good README.md
file:
- The documentation should start with a summary of the capabilities that the components in the project provide.
- If the project contains multiple components, use a table of contents to help users quickly jump to a specific component’s details.
- Add a
## Components
section with sub-sections like### Component A
for each component in the project. - In each component section:
- Add a description of what the component does.
- Add at least one YAML example showing how to use it.
- If the component uses inputs, add a table showing all inputs with name, description, type, and default value.
- If the component uses any variables or secrets, those should be documented too.
- A
## Contribute
section is recommended if contributions are welcome.
If a component needs more instructions, add additional documentation in a Markdown file
in the component directory and link to it from the main README.md
file. For example:
README.md # with links to the specific docs.md
templates/
├── component-1/
│ ├── template.yml
│ └── docs.md
└── component-2/
├── template.yml
└── docs.md
For an example of a component README.md
, see the Deploy to AWS with GitLab CI/CD component’s README.md
.
Test the component
Testing CI/CD components as part of the development workflow is strongly recommended and helps ensure consistent behavior.
Test changes in a CI/CD pipeline (like any other project) by creating a .gitlab-ci.yml
in the root directory. Make sure to test both the behavior and potential side-effects
of the component. You can use the GitLab API if needed.
For example:
include:
# include the component located in the current project from the current SHA
- component: $CI_SERVER_FQDN/$CI_PROJECT_PATH/my-component@$CI_COMMIT_SHA
inputs:
stage: build
stages: [build, test, release]
# Check if `component job of my-component` is added.
# This example job could also test that the included component works as expected.
# You can inspect data generated by the component, use GitLab API endpoints, or third-party tools.
ensure-job-added:
stage: test
image: badouralix/curl-jq
# Replace "component job of my-component" with the job name in your component.
script:
- |
route="${CI_API_V4_URL}/projects/$CI_PROJECT_ID/pipelines/$CI_PIPELINE_ID/jobs"
count=`curl --silent --header "JOB-TOKEN: $CI_JOB_TOKEN" $route | jq 'map(select(.name | contains("component job of my-component"))) | length'`
if [ "$count" != "1" ]; then
exit 1; else
echo "Component Job present"
fi
# If the pipeline is for a new tag with a semantic version, and all previous jobs succeed,
# create the release.
create-release:
stage: release
image: registry.gitlab.com/gitlab-org/release-cli:latest
rules:
- if: $CI_COMMIT_TAG =~ /\d+/
script: echo "Creating release $CI_COMMIT_TAG"
release:
tag_name: $CI_COMMIT_TAG
description: "Release $CI_COMMIT_TAG of components repository $CI_PROJECT_PATH"
After committing and pushing changes, the pipeline tests the component, then creates a release if the earlier jobs pass.
Test a component against sample files
In some cases, components require source files to interact with. For example, a component that builds Go source code likely needs some samples of Go to test against. Alternatively, a component that builds Docker images likely needs some sample Dockerfiles to test against.
You can include sample files like these directly in the component project, to be used during component testing.
You can learn more in examples for testing a component.
Avoid using global keywords
Avoid using global keywords in a component.
Using these keywords in a component affects all jobs in a pipeline, including jobs
directly defined in the main .gitlab-ci.yml
or in other included components.
As an alternative to global keywords:
- Add the configuration directly to each job, even if it creates some duplication in the component configuration.
- Use the
extends
keyword in the component, but use unique names that reduce the risk of naming conflicts when the component is merged into the configuration.
For example, avoid using the default
global keyword:
# Not recommended
default:
image: ruby:3.0
rspec-1:
script: bundle exec rspec dir1/
rspec-2:
script: bundle exec rspec dir2/
Instead, you can:
-
Add the configuration to each job explicitly:
rspec-1: image: ruby:3.0 script: bundle exec rspec dir1/ rspec-2: image: ruby:3.0 script: bundle exec rspec dir2/
-
Use
extends
to reuse configuration:.rspec-image: image: ruby:3.0 rspec-1: extends: - .rspec-image script: bundle exec rspec dir1/ rspec-2: extends: - .rspec-image script: bundle exec rspec dir2/
Replace hardcoded values with inputs
Avoid using hardcoded values in CI/CD components. Hardcoded values might force component users to need to review the component’s internal details and adapt their pipeline to work with the component.
A common keyword with problematic hard-coded values is stage
. If a component job’s
stage is hardcoded, all pipelines using the component must either define
the exact same stage, or override
the configuration.
The preferred method is to use the input
keyword for dynamic
component configuration. The component user can specify the exact value they need.
For example, to create a component with stage
configuration that can be defined by users:
-
In the component configuration:
spec: inputs: stage: default: test --- unit-test: stage: $[[ inputs.stage ]] script: echo unit tests integration-test: stage: $[[ inputs.stage ]] script: echo integration tests
-
In a project using the component:
stages: [verify, deploy] include: - component: $CI_SERVER_FQDN/myorg/ruby/test@1.0.0 inputs: stage: verify
Replace custom CI/CD variables with inputs
When using CI/CD variables in a component, evaluate if the inputs
keyword
should be used instead. Avoid asking users to define custom variables to configure
components when inputs
is a better solution.
Inputs are explicitly defined in the component’s specs, and have better validation than variables. For example, if a required input is not passed to the component, GitLab returns a pipeline error. By contrast, if a variable is not defined, its value is empty, and there is no error.
For example, use inputs
instead of variables to configure a scanner’s output format:
-
In the component configuration:
spec: inputs: scanner-output: default: json --- my-scanner: script: my-scan --output $[[ inputs.scanner-output ]]
-
In the project using the component:
include: - component: $CI_SERVER_FQDN/path/to/project/my-scanner@1.0.0 inputs: scanner-output: yaml
In other cases, CI/CD variables might still be preferred. For example:
- Use predefined variables to automatically configure a component to match a user’s project.
- Ask users to store sensitive values as masked or protected CI/CD variables in project settings.
Convert a CI/CD template to a component
Any existing CI/CD template that you use in projects by using the include:
syntax
can be converted to a CI/CD component:
- Decide if you want the component to be grouped with other components as part of an existing component project, or create a new component project.
- Create a YAML file in the component project according to the directory structure.
- Copy the content of the original template YAML file into the new component YAML file.
- Refactor the new component’s configuration to:
- Follow the best practices for components.
- Improve the configuration, for example by enabling merge request pipelines or making it more efficient.
- Leverage the
.gitlab-ci.yml
in the components repository to test changes to the component. - Tag and release the component.
You can learn more by following a practical example for migrating the Go CI/CD template to CI/CD component.
Use a GitLab.com component in a self-managed instance
To use a component from GitLab.com in a self-managed instance, you can mirror the GitLab.com component in your self-managed instance:
- Make sure that network outbound requests are allowed for
gitlab.com
. -
Create a group to host the component projects (recommended group:
components
). - Create a mirror of the component project in the new group.
- Write a project description for the component project mirror because mirroring repositories does not copy the description.
- Set the self-hosted component project as a catalog resource.
- Publish a new release in the self-hosted component project by running a pipeline for a tag (usually the latest tag).
Troubleshooting
content not found
message
You might receive an error message similar to the following when using the ~latest
version qualifier to reference a component hosted by a catalog project:
This GitLab CI configuration is invalid: component 'gitlab.com/my-namespace/my-project/my-component@~latest' - content not found`
The ~latest
behavior was updated
in GitLab 16.11. It now refers to the latest semantic version of the catalog resource. To resolve this issue, create a new release.